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The soldier caste has anatomical and behavioural specialisations, and their sole aim is to defend the colony. Many soldiers have large heads with exceptionally altered strong jaws so enlarged they cannot feed themselves. Instead, like juveniles, they're fed by workers.5556 Fontanelles, easy holes in the forehead that exude defensive secretionsare a characteristic of their family Rhinotermitidae.57 Many species are readily identified using the characteristics of the soldiers' bigger and darker head and massive mandibles.53 Among certain termites, soldiers may use their globular (phragmotic) heads to block their narrow tunnels.58 Different sorts of soldiers include minor and significant soldiers, and nasutes, which have a horn-like nozzle frontal projection (a nasus).53 These unique soldiers are able to spray noxious, sticky secretions containing diterpenes at their enemies.59 Nitrogen fixation plays an important role in nasute nutrition.60.
The reproductive caste of a mature colony includes a fertile female and male, known as the queen and king.61 The queen of this colony is responsible for egg production for the colony. Unlike in ants, the king mates with her for life.62 In certain species, the abdomen of the queen swells up dramatically to increase fecundity, a characteristic known as physogastrism.61 Depending on the species, the queen begins producing reproductive winged alates at a certain time of the year, and huge swarms emerge in the colony when nuptial flight begins.
A young termite nymph. Nymphs first moult into workers, but others may farther moult to become soldiers alates.
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Termites are often compared with all the social Hymenoptera (ants and various species of bees and wasps), but their differing evolutionary origins result in major differences in life cycle. In the eusocial Hymenoptera, the workers are exclusively female. Males (drones) are haploid and develop from unfertilised eggs, while females (both employees and the queen) are diploid and grow from fertilised eggs.
Depending on species, both male and female workers may have different roles in a termite colony.63.
The life cycle of a termite begins with an egg, but is different from that of a bee or ant in that it goes through a developmental process called incomplete metamorphosis, with egg, nymph and adult stages.64 Nymphs resemble little adults, and undergo a series of moults as they develop.
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The development of nymphs into adults can take months; the time period depends on food availability, temperature, and the general population of the colony. Since nymphs are unable to feed themselves, workers must feed thembut employees also take part in the social life of the colony and also have certain other activities to accomplish such as foraging, building or go to the website maintaining the nest or tending to the queen.5367 Pheromones govern the caste system in termite colonies, preventing all but a very few of those termites from becoming fertile queens.68.
Termite alates only leave the colony when a nuptial flight takes place. Alate men and females pair up together and then land in search of a suitable spot for a colony.70 A termite king and queen do not mate until they find such a spot. When imp source they do, they excavate a chamber large enough for both, close up the entrance and proceed to mate.70 After mating, the set never go outdoors and spend the rest of their lives in the nest.
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For example, alates in certain species appear during the daytime in summer while others emerge during winter.71 The nuptial flight might also begin at dusk, when the alates swarm around regions with lots of lights. The time when nuptial flight begins depends on the environmental conditions, the time of day, humidity, wind speed and precipitation.71 The number of termites in a colony also fluctuates, with the larger species normally having 1001,000 individuals.
The queen only lays 1020 eggs in the very early stages of the colony, but lays as many as 1,000 per day when the colony is several years old.53 At adulthood, a primary queen has a fantastic capacity to lay eggs. In certain species, the mature queen includes a greatly distended abdomen and might produce 40,000 eggs per day.72 Both mature ovaries may possess some 2,000 ovarioles each.73 The abdomen increases the queen's body length to a number of you could try here times more than prior to mating and reduces her ability to move freely; attendant workers offer assistance.